1. Support generation

The fundamental equation is:

L = ½ · ¬ · v ² · S · C _ L

Where L is the support force (N), the air density (¥1,225 kg / m ³ at sea level), v the relative speed (m / s), S the alar surface (m ²) and C _ L the support coefficient.

Resistance:

D = ½ · ¬ · v ² · S · C _ D

The L / D ratio is aerodynamic efficiency or fineness. In calm air it is equivalent to the geometric planning ratio.

2. Aerodynamic differences: PG vs Hg

  • 124; Parameter - 124; Paragliding - 124; hang glider flex - 124; hang glider rigid - 124;
  • 124; - - 124; - 124; - 124; - 124;
  • 124; extension (AR) - 124; 4.5-7.0 - 124; 6.0-7.5 - 124; 12-15 - 124;
  • 124; Thickness e / c - 124; 10-16% - 124; 8-12% - 124; 10-14% - 124;
                      • 124;
  • 124; C _ L max - 124; 1.2-1.4 - 124; 1.0-1.2 - 124; 0.9-1.1 - 124;
  • 124; L / D max 124; 8-12 - 124; 12-17 - 124; 18-22 - 124

3. Paragliding components

  • Profile: positive mean curvature with moderate reflex for stability.
  • Celdas: school 40-50; competition CCC 80-100.
  • Shark nose: hidden geometry of mouths that extends range of operable angles.
  • Suspended: Dyneema SK75 / SK99, 250-450 m total.
  • Bands A load 35-45% of the weight; B 25-30%; C 15-20%.
  • Accelerator: pulley system 2: 1 or 3: 1, + 10 to + 15 km / h.

4. Parts of the delta wing

  • Quilla: At 7075-T6 Ø45-50 mm, length 3.0-3.5 m.
  • attack bordes: Ø35-45 mm, 4.5-5.0 m.
  • Arrow angle: 120-130 °.
  • Twist / washout: negative torsion ~ 8 ° raz-tip so that the tip does not go into loss first.
  • Kingpost vs topless: topless eliminates external mast, + 1 to + 2 L / D points.

5. Profiles

  • 124; Characteristic - 124; PG Profile - 124; PG Profile - 124;
  • 124; - - - 124; - 124;
  • 124;
  • 124; Camber f / c - 124; 5-7% - 124; 3-5% - 124;
  • 124; Reflex - 124; Fort - 124; Moderate - 124;
  • 124; Rango α - 124; 4 ° -15 ° - 124; 0 ° -12 ° - 124;

6. Performance reference

Modern EN-B paragliding (medium range pilot):
- V _ stall-22 km / h
- V _ min _ sink-30 km / h, w _ min-1.0 m / s
- V _ trim-37 km / h, L / D-9.0
- V _ max-48 km / h, L / D-7.4

EN-D / CCC paragliding:
- V _ trim-40 km / h, L / D-10.5-11
- V _ max - 62-68 km / h

hang glider topless competition:
- V _ stall-32 km / h
- V _ trim - 50 km / h, L / D - 15-17
- V _ max - 120-145 km / h

Polar reading: v _ horizontal graph vs w _ vertical. Tangent from origin defines V _ best _ glide; higher point defines V _ min _ sink. With face-to-face wind, V _ optimal moves right (MacCready).

7. Technical pilot

Paragliding:
- Rol: asymmetric brake + weight transfer (70% weight, 30% modern thermating brake).
- Pitch: symmetric brake increases α; accelerator reduces it.
- Active piloting: compensate for variations of α while maintaining constant pressure on brakes.

hang glider

  • Rol: lateral displacement of the body, time by displacement of the CG.
  • Pitch: push-out reduces speed; pull-in increases it.

8. Incidents

  • asymmetric plegate: recovery with contrario-yaw without stalling + pumping of the closed side.
  • Front Plegade: spontaneous recovery 2-3s.
  • Cravatte: threaded to the point. It is solved with controlled stall or full stall.
  • Stall: overcoming α _ critical. Start brakes progressively.
  • Self-rotation (SAT): vertical rotation with 2-4 G. It's leveling.
  • Tumble (HG): turned by header after violent pitch-down. Progs prevented.

Decision: if not recovered < 100 m AGL → pull reserve immediately.

9. EN 926-2 standard

  • 124; Category - 124; Behavior - 124; Hours - 124;
  • 124; - - 124; - 124;
  • 124; EN-A - 124; spontaneous recovery - 124; 0-30 h - 124;
  • 124;
  • 124;
  • 124; EN-D - 124; Strong reactions - 124; 500 + h - 124;

  • 124; CCC - 124; No limit - 124; Professional - 124

    • WL: PTV / S. EN-B: 3.5-4.5 kg / m ². EN-D comp: 4.5-5.5 kg / m ². Major WL = better penetration and high start.

10. PG vs HG operations

  • 124; Appearance - 124; Paragliding - 124; hang glider - 124;
  • 124; - - - 124; - 124;
  • 124; V _ trim - 124; 36-40 km / h - 124; 45-60 km / h - 124;
  • 124; V _ max - 124; 48-65 km / h - 124; 120-145 km / h - 124;
  • 124; Penetration V _ wind 30 km / h - 124; Marginal - 124; Excellent - 124;
  • 124; turbulence response - 124; active pilot - 124; Rigidity absorbs - 124;
  • 124; equipment mass - 124; 15-25 kg - 124; 30-40 kg - 124;
  • 124; preparation - 124; 2-5 min - 124; 20 -30 min - 124;
  • 124; radio thermal turn - 124; 20-30 m - 124; 40-60 m - 124;
  • 124; Wind ridge - 124; 10-25 km / h - 124; 20-40 km / h - 124;